The Kawari Kabuto is a distinctive form of Kabuto helmet worn by Japanese samurai as part of their armor (yoroi). "Kawari" means "unusual shape" in Japanese. These helmets often featured elaborate helmet crests and deviated from the typical form of the Kabuto. Many Kawari Kabuto were equipped with an additional face mask called "Men-yoroi," which could either cover the entire face (Sōmen) or be a half-mask (Mempō).
Kawari Kabuto helmets first appeared during the late Muromachi period (1392-1573) in the 16th century. It is believed that these individually designed and distinctive helmets served as personal identifying markers for the elite warriors, allowing commanders to differentiate friend from foe on the battlefield amidst thousands of fighters.
They were also an expression of the wearer's personal taste and nature. They were worn at official occasions such as state receptions or religious ceremonies. Samurai often preferred powerful and symbolic designs inspired by nature.
The Kawari Kabuto is made of iron as well as various other materials such as papier-mâché (Harinuke), leather, and others. The helmet consists of a bowl with an eye guard. Using these materials, the helmet is constructed in various ways, taking inspiration from different animals, shells, objects, and more. These helmets are often lavishly decorated with lacquer, gemstone inlays, or gold plating, making them highly ornate and eye-catching. Despite their decorative appearance, these helmets are functional for combat, unlike European ornamental helmets where the decorations are purely superficial. The Kawari Kabuto are highly sought after as collectibles and valuable investments in the present day.